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what is the meaning of chuseok?

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Post by josephpatrol Mon Sep 28, 2009 1:21 pm

Origin of the Chuseok festival and its name
chuseoK


The custom of celebrating the harvest season dates back to the Three Kingdoms’ Period (57 B.C. – A.D. 668) when Silla (57 B.C – A.D. 935), one of three big kingdoms that ruled the southeastern part of Korean Peninsula held a big feast for the occasion of full moon. The festival was also called “hangawi” with “han” meaning “big” and “gawi” meaning “middle.” Such is roughly translated as the “big middle” or the “big day in the middle of the 8th month.” According to “Samguksagi,” the Historical Record of the Three Kingdoms, written by the scholar Kim Bu-sik around 1145, the word “gawi” also came from the word “ga-be,” meaning “to compensate” (“gap-da” in modern Korean).

Here’s the reason for the meaning “compensation.” During the reign of King Yuri Isageum, the third monarch of Silla, two groups of weaving women led by two princesses gathered in the palace to compete in a weaving competition. The weaving, which began in the middle of the 7th lunar month, went on for nearly a whole month. On the 15th day of the 8th month, an evaluation was made of which team had woven the most. The losing team had to compensate by serving feasts and entertaining them with song and dance. “Heeso-gok” is the song that the losing team sang during the party that became famous for the sad yet beautiful notes.
It seems the word “ga-be” continued to remain unchanged at least throughout the Goryeo Dynasty (A.D. 918-1392) as proved by some remaining folklore of that period. The ballad “Dong Dong” told women’s sentiments according to the festivities of each season. The fact that “gawi” was a big event in the Silla Kingdom is also evidenced in China’s “History of the Early Tang Dynasty (舊唐書)” that described the customs of the neighboring countries. In the chapter for Dong-I (Eastern tribes) the book writes that Silla highly valued the harvest festival with revelry, music and archery competitions.
Later, however, hangawi came to be referred to more formally as “chu-seok” and also as “jung-chu-jeol” partly due to the usage of Chinese characters borrowed down the road. “Chu (秋)” is the Chinese character for “autumn.”

ancestral rituals and origin


Chuseok, or harvest festival, is the time for farmers and workers to sit back and enjoy the fruits of their year-long labor. It is a season of big family reunions just like Christmas in the west. The preparation for family ritual begins with “beolcho,” cleaning the grave of ancestors a couple of days ahead of the main thanksgiving day of chuseok. People pull weeds out and make the grave tidy for the coming ancestral ritual.
In modern day Korea, Chuseok is the season of massive exodus as many people living in the cities try to re-visit their hometown at once. That brings about 75 percent of the nation’s population out on the road, creating high traffic congestion. There’s hardly a seat left on airplanes or a train ticket unsold.
On the high holiday the whole family wakes up early and gets dressed for the ritual. The new clothes and shoes one prepares for the occasion are called “chuseok-bim.” Women busy themselves preparing rice cakes, liquor and fruit for the ancestral rites. Food and wine are offered to the memorial tablet. Rice and fruit are chosen from the first harvest of that year.
what is the meaning of chuseok? Focus_img02_02In the home, a table is set aside bearing the memorial tablet. Food is set out on this table in a very specific order: fruit comes in the front line, followed by dried food and assorted vegetables in the second line, several broths in the third line, pan-fried dishes and meat dishes in the fourth line and, finally, a bowl of rice and soups.
Candles on the table are lighted at the beginning of the family ritual. An ancestral tablet is placed in front. Family members will take turns to light a stick of incense, pour a cup of rice wine and make a gesture of offering to the spirit, finishing with a deep bow on all fours. Traditionally, men bowed twice and women bowed four times. The rice bowl is uncovered and a spoon stood in the middle, facing the west; the chopsticks are laid neatly at the side. The families bow to the doorway to welcome the “spirit” in. They remain frozen in the bowing posture with their heads down, waiting for the spirit to “finish the meal.” Later, the spoon is removed from the rice bowl and closed again. A final bow is made and the procession is over. The family then gathers around to have the “leftover” feast.
what is the meaning of chuseok? Focus_img02_03After this ritual, some families then take off to the family grave to pay their respects to the ancestors. This visit is called “seongmyo,”and just like the ancestral ritual at home, everyone will bow in all fours before the grave to show respect to the dead and wish good fortune. The general procession might differ according to regions and some alterations are possible depending on religion and other circumstances.
Meanwhile there are three public holidays during Chuseok, including the day before and after the big holiday. The three day holiday is not extended if one of those days falls on a weekend or other holiday. That is exactly the case for this year. The Chuseok for 2009 falls on October 3, which is a Saturday and happens to coincide with another national holiday, “Gaecheon-jeol,” National Foundation Day. The occasion promises to be twice as special, with not only family rituals but foundation rituals, although we do lose a day off.





Chuseok Folk Games

In the past, Chuseok would always bring the whole village together with songs, dances and games. It was the way to let out the steam of daily stress and help people in the community bond with each other. Here are some of the typical Chuseok amusements.


1) Gang-gang-suwollae/ Korean traditional circle dance


what is the meaning of chuseok? Focus_img04_01



One of the spectacular scenes of Chuseok is a brisk circle dance under the bright, full moon. Women in Hanbok would gather around to do a traditional ring-a-ring dance, singing and chanting “gang-gang-suwollae.” The dance is presumed to have begun some time during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).


The circle dance was originally highly popular in the Jeollanam-do (South Jeolla Province), Mokpo, Muan, Haenam, Yeonggwang, Jangheung, Suncheon and Hwasun regions and island like Wando and Jindo, before spreading out nationwide. The circle dance is encouraged among families, friends and neighbors to enhance kinship. The dance was easily spread to other regions, for all it takes is a big space for the crowd to move in circles. In 1965 it was designated “important intangible cultural heritage no. 8.”
The following link is the video of an indoor stage performance of gang-gang-suwollae on YouTube. Let the moon rise high, the song begins, followed by the chant of gang-gang-suwollae. The group demonstrates the circle dance from Korea’s Jindo region.

2) Ssireum/ Korean traditional wrestling

Ssireum is a form of Korean traditional wrestling. Its history goes back as far as the Three Kingdoms’ Period (57 B.C. – A.D. 668), as shown through the mural paintings of the Goguryeo Kingdom, about 1,500 years ago. All that’s required is for two competitors to wear a “satba,” or wrestling belt, for the other to hold onto while grappling, and “ssireumpan” (the ground) for ssireum. Victory is achieved by winning two out of three matches, and the winner of the contest would be given the title of strong man and a big bull as a prize.



The game starts with two competitors holding on tightly to each other’s belts. The one who makes the other’s body touch the ground first – any part except his feet – becomes the winner. The television usually shows highlights, such as when one tosses the other to the sandy ground. Techniques in general include lifting, twisting, throwing, and tripping. Punching, kicking and the like are not allowed.

3) Tug of war

what is the meaning of chuseok? Focus_img04_04Juldarigi, the traditional tug-of-war, is a game that allows large-scale participation of men and women of the whole town. The side that manages to pull the other team closest to their side wins.

As a big festive event, traditional Korea encouraged the participation of entire villages to compete against each other. Naturally, the number of participants would number in the hundreds. When the date was set each household would start making ropes of a given size and length. The individual ropes would then be twined together to form a bigger rope with a log fastened in the center. One side of the rope was considered male and the other female. If the female side won, people saw it as a sign of good harvest for the year. In Gyeongsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang Province) its Yeongsan Juldarigi is designated “important intangible property number 26.“
Other games include “so-nori” (cow play) and “geobuk-nori” (turtle play) in which several people dress up as either a cow or a turtle and make visits to other people’s houses – preferably rich households -- to play and sing and get treated to a feast for a day. Then there is the “chilgyo-nori,” a kind of puzzle for young children made of seven pieces of wood. One can make over 100 shapes with the thin wooden pieces.


Chuseok Delicacies

what is the meaning of chuseok? Focus_img03_01Songpyeon, or half-moon shaped rice cakes, are a typical Chuseok dish, and are made of dough from early ripened rice. The dough is kneaded with ingredients like artemisia, chicharro and pine endodermis to give both flavor and color. The lump of dough is then steamed inside a pot for some time, and later covered by a wet cloth to prevent it from drying out. The sweet fillings for the dough is made of red beans, mung beans, green beans, honey (or sugar) and sesame seeds. Pine needles are placed between rice cakes during the steaming process. When the dough and the filling are ready, the whole family gathers around to start stuffing little parcels of the dough with the readymade sweet filling and give it the right shape. Size and shape may vary slightly from region to region. The northern part of the country tends to make songpyeon bigger than that of Seoul. Songpyeon from [/size]Gangwon-do Province is shaped more like a clamshell. Other regions use potato or sweet potato starch for dough instead of rice. Watch this YouTube video to see how to make songpyeon. It is a video for making songpyeon from the food service department of Jeonju University, Korea.







what is the meaning of chuseok? Focus_img03_02 Other chuseok delicacies that Koreans enjoy include taro soup or toran-tang in Korean, its name literally meaning “eggs from the earth” due to its appearance. Because taro is made up mostly of starch and is slippery, it is usually boiled in rice-rinsed or salted water first. Add beef brisket or shank, some radish, dashima (sea tangle) and boil it more. Add a bit of thinly sliced fried egg as a garnish on the top and that’s it. It is one of the healthiest dishes of the chuseok holiday, rich in calcium, fiber, Vitamins B1, B2 and minerals. It is especially good for digestion when having overeaten during the chuseok feast.
what is the meaning of chuseok? Focus_img03_03Also, every fall there is a good amount of mushrooms growing in the mountains. Several noted mushroom festivals take place around this time of the year, including Bonghwa Pine Mushroom Festival, Yangyang Songi Mushroom Festival and Uljin Pine Tree Mushroom Festival. The most nutritious and rare mushroom in Korea is the pyogo mushroom, followed by songi mushroom, neungi mushroom, neutari mushroom seoki mushroom and mok mushroom. When cooking songi or pine tree mushroom, it should be seasoned as little as possible and fried lightly to get the best of its flavor and scent. In the dish songi-sanjeok, mushrooms are cut into pieces and broiled together with beef on a gridiron.
what is the meaning of chuseok? Focus_img03_04Autumn is also the season to taste a nice, fat chicken raised since the early spring of the same year. The dish is called dakjjim or steamed chicken. Boil the chicken together with vegetables, and then add seasoned soy sauce, ginger and red pepper. After the sauce is well absorbed, stew it in a frying pan. The smell of the raw chicken will disappear, leaving the white meat chewy. Decorate the top with slices of fried egg.
what is the meaning of chuseok? Focus_img03_05Nurumi is a dish of skewered foods with gravy on top. The ingredients can be just about anything from beef and seafood to tofu, mushrooms, green onion and more, covered in starch and egg to be fried in a frying pan. Depending on the proportion of ingredients it can be called beef nurumi, egg nurumi, oyster nurumi and others.
what is the meaning of chuseok? Focus_img03_06
And then to spice up the mood, here is shindo-ju, a traditional liquor made of newly harvested rice during chuseok. First you wash the rice, grind it and steam it. Add boiled water inside the big jar together with steamed rice and let it settle for a day. Then mix flour and new yeast powder and let it ferment for three days to become crude liquor. Add an additional mixture of grain, yeast and water and ripen it for 10 days. It’s similar to Korean creamy white rice wine, “makgeolli,” but needs to be fermented longer.
After the heavy meal, we can also count on sweet desserts. Chesnut snack in one of them. First, boil the chestnuts in hot water. Dig out the soft insides with a teaspoon and mix it with honey and cinnamon powder. If you put this sweet paste on a pattern-press, it can be pressed into a chestnut sweet called “bam-dasik;” if you shape the paste into a chestnut shape it will be called “yulan;” and if you boil the sweet paste in sugar water and then fry it with honey it becomes “bam-cho.”

Baesuk, which is a shortened form of “bae-sujeonggwa,” is a traditional fruit punch made with pear. First a pear is boiled whole in honeyed or sugary water. Slice some ginger pieces in it to prevent it from become too sweet. Then slice the pear into six or so pieces, core it and insert pepper corns inside. Put it back in the gingered sweet water, let it cool and float some pine nuts on top as a garnish.

korea.encyclopedia.com


Last edited by josephpatrol on Mon Sep 28, 2009 1:35 pm; edited 1 time in total (Reason for editing : pixz in)
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Post by anne_luv4u Mon Sep 28, 2009 8:07 pm

THANKS sir Joseph for that important info.........
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Post by josephpatrol Sun Sep 05, 2010 8:44 am

lapit napo chuseok ,bakasyon namin for 5 stright days heheheheh ,,dami outing na naman nyan ang mga churches sept 21 ata mag start,,wow big event watch binibining kalinangan 2010 on sept. 22 conducted by HFCC hyewa dong filipino catholic community sa tongsong auditoriom,siempre may kanya kanya tayong manok jan like gina rivas, maganda rin ung stud na si anggeline hu won as best in muse during hfcc basketball 13th conference, also cute din si marie kris solis 21 yers old, meron din endoresed ang sulyap na si raechelle hu is now leading sa internet, anjan din si dina minoncia na napupusuan ng ibang taga aguman kapampangan hu is working in ansan because shes from pampanga.simepre sa mga guys jan si joseph na iniendoresed ng mga taga sulyap and fewa,gudlak kay noel and also ung si james richard ,5'9' from incheon hu he is also a pampangueno.. nanjan din si jaymon mallari ,,,gudlak sa inyong lahat
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Post by Kuya NADs Sun Sep 05, 2010 8:50 am

anong oras po simula nyang Event na yan, salamat po. Smile
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Post by axelrod Fri Sep 28, 2012 4:52 pm

happy chuseok everyone.

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Post by erika_angel20@yahoo.com Fri Sep 28, 2012 4:54 pm





CHUSEOK JAL BONAE SAEYO !!!!! idol idol idol
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Post by Gom Se Ma Ri Fri Sep 28, 2012 5:46 pm

Ayy chuseok na nakamiss ang big holiday na yan.mogoshipo ko na mga food nila lalo na pag chuseok!...pati na rin ang pag abot ng mga sommul kay sajang haha ,giftset at bonus woow... :hug: sana maulit ntin uli mga kababayan!!! idol
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Post by mike24 Sun Sep 30, 2012 6:59 pm

chusok....meanning all saints day ng korea
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